Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation company concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).

Besides its core internet search organization, Baidu has actually diversified into a number of high-growth areas. The company is a leading gamer in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies globally to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software application, chips, cloud facilities, foundation models, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has significantly focused on generative AI related items. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with developing much better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a website based upon how many other sites had actually linked to it. [20] It predated the comparable PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in a few of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later utilized his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted advertisers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu every time a consumer clicked on an advertisement, preceding Google’s approach to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and image search engine, embracing an unique identification technology efficient in determining and grouping the posts. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to supply its own reports, besides showing particular outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to offer mobile search results page. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, designed to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees manage their organization relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business released a Brazilian version of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving vehicle platform, in a bid to assist drive the advancement of self-governing cars consisting of automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this project in July 2017, before gradually presenting totally self-governing driving capabilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to buy as lots of as 100 self-governing driving jobs over the ensuing 3 years. [36] At the same time, Apollo open-source software application variation 1.5 was also released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, automobile market suppliers, on automated driving and connected vehicles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to act as the business’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of various languages. Smaller than a normal mobile phone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be placing synthetic intelligence (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the same period, it has actually likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, obtaining 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the very same month, Baidu revealed that its first yearly Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to go over the business’s objective and method, technology advancements, new item advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU organization” portion of its abroad service, which developed a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This business now runs independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar concept said to be capable of Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to provide predictive ideas to proactively serve the requirements of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electric automobile business originally backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first idea ROBO-01 in the type of a pre-production vehicle. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric lorry platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed 6 million trips using driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were altered such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the proper website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were satisfied with a page stating “This site has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by attacking Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later introduced legal action versus Register.com for gross negligence after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed individual, regardless of stopping working security verification procedures. Once the address had been changed, the individual was able to use the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out to them, enabling them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu workers detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three employees of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The bribes were apparently paid for deleting posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, however it has been reported that the app store deals with privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a definitive merger arrangement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the most significant offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually indicates “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed hundreds of times in the crowd, all of a sudden turning back, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that permits advertisers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results pages and on other sites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are also based on payments by advertisers. This has triggered criticism and apprehension amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues concerning reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as lots of as the very first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its marketing products through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a signed up organization address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand online search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its gain from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew six portion points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research firm Analysys International.

It is also obvious that Baidu is attempting to get in the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [update], it is going over the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese version of the worldwide social media network, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if executed, would face off Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with cause rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the behavior of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have actually used anticompetitive techniques in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise understood as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has actually started to purchase deep knowing research and is integrating new deep learning innovation into a few of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This technology immediately scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and acknowledges and filters out material that might break copyright law. This allows Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they acquired permits from China to offer the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 self-governing cars and trucks set to start providing rides to guests within a 23-square-mile area in rural begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu revealed the Apollo RT6, a driverless car that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department reveal a long list of blocked websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can block works from its query results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a suit that sought to penalize the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security along with 372 Internet authorities departments to detect info related to “anti-government rumors” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web sites, news sites and gadgets with notifies dispelling misinformation.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, huge data and artificial intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, along with other Internet business, to “perform unique guidance” on news and info related to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search engine result reportedly added to the death of a trainee who tried a speculative cancer therapy he discovered online. The 21-year-old university student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, an unusual type of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The event set off massive online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top watchdog for China’s Internet space, dispatched a group of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report declared medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement income, much of which comes from for-profit hospitals that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of health centers across the country established by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce a number of limitations on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to marketing material and developing channels for problems about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online community, one of the communities of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will totally stop industrial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public well-being organizations. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that private hospitals have actually gotten in a period of industry change and updating, and are neither based on posting bar ads nor counting on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running profits boosting background programs on user gadgets since at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of six known applications established by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking on web ads – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase income produced by “clicks”. [109] Just among the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were banned or obstructed in India for national security factors. [119]

2024 head of communications debate

In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered significant backlashes throughout the Chinese social networks for backing toxic work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day service journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited further conversations amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu openly said sorry after the occurrence and has actually apparently lost her job. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual residential or commercial property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of search engines by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.